John Trumbull

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{{Infobox Artist| bgcolour = #EEDD82| name = John Trumbull| image = John trumbull half length portrait.jpg| imagesize =| caption =| birthname =| birthdate = June 6, 1756| deathdate = [November 10, 1843| nationality = [United States| field = Painting| movement =| famous works = Declaration of Independence (1817-1819)| patrons =| awards =-->'John Trumbull ([June 6, 1756 – November 10, 1843) was an United States artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War famous for his historical paintings including his Trumbull's Declaration of Independence, which appears on the reverse of the United States two-dollar bill.

Early years

Trumbull was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, to Jonathan Trumbull, who was Governor of Connecticut from 1769 to 1784. He entered the 1771 junior class at Harvard University at age fifteen and graduated in 1773. Due to a childhood accident, Trumbull lost use of one eye. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,867213,00.html

As a soldier in the American Revolutionary War, Trumbull rendered a particular service at Boston by sketching plans of the British Fortification, and witnessed the famous Battle of Bunker Hill. He was appointed second aide-de-camp to General George Washington, and in June 1776 deputy adjutant-general to General Horatio Gates, but resigned from the army in 1777.

In 1780 he traveled to London where he studied under Benjamin West, who suggested to him that he paint small pictures of the War of Independence and miniature portraits, of which he produced about 250 in his lifetime.

On September 23, 1780 and October 2, 1780, British agent Major John André was, respectively, captured and hanged as a spy in America. News reached Europe, and as an officer of similar rank as André in the Continental Army, Trumbull was imprisoned for seven months in London's Tothill Fields Bridewell.

In 1784 he was again in London working under West, in whose studio he painted his Battle of Bunker Hill and Death of Montgomery, both of which are now in the Yale University Art Gallery.

In 1785 Trumbull went to Paris, where he made portrait sketches of French officers for The Surrender of Cornwallis, and began, with the assistance of Jefferson, Trumbull's Declaration of Independence, well-known from the engraving by Asher Brown Durand. This latter painting was purchased by the United States Congress along with his Surrender of General Burgoyne, Surrender at Yorktown, and Washington Resigning his Commission, and these paintings now hang in the United States Capitol. Trumbull's The Sortie Made by the Garrison of Gibraltar, 1789, owned by the Boston Athenaeum, is now in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts.

Middle years Trumbull sold a series of 28 paintings and 60 miniature portraits to Yale University in 1831 for an annuity of US$1000. This is by far the largest single collection of his works. The collection was originally housed in a neoclassical art gallery designed by Trumbull on Yale's Old Campus, along with portraits by other artists. Yale Art Gallery: Trumbull

His portraits include full lengths of General Washington (1790) and George Clinton (1791), in New York City Hall, where there are also full lengths of Alexander Hamilton (1805, and the source of the face on the United States ten-dollar bill) and John Jay; and portraits of John Adams (1797), Jonathan Trumbull, and Rufus King (1800); of Timothy Dwight and Stephen Van Rensselaer, both at Yale; of Alexander Hamilton (in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, both taken from Ceracchi's bust); a portrait of himself painted in 1833; a full length of Washington, at Charleston, South Carolina; a full length of Washington in military costume (1792), now at Yale; and portraits of President and Martha Washington (1794), in the National Museum of American History.

Trumbull's own portrait was painted by Gilbert Stuart and by many others.

In 1794 Trumbull acted as secretary to John Jay in London during the negotiation of the treaty with Great Britain, and in 1796 he was appointed by the commissioners sent by the two countries the fifth commissioner to carry out the seventh article of the treaty.

Later years Trumbull was appointed president of the American Academy of Fine Arts, a position he held for nine years, from 1816 to 1825, though he did not get along with the students, and his skills declined. Eventually, his dictatorial behavior led the students to rebel against him and found the National Academy of Design. He published an autobiography in 1841.

He died in New York City at the age of 88. He was originally interred (along with his wife) beneath the Art Gallery at Yale University that he had designed. In 1867, his collection, and the remains, were moved to the newly built Street Hall. Trumbull Gallery at Yale The Trumbull Gallery was later razed.

The John Trumbull Birthplace, in Lebanon, Connecticut, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.

Paintings

Battle of Bunker Hill
Invasion of Canada (1775)
The Death of Aemilius Paullus at the Battle of Cannae
The Sortie Made by the Garrison of Gibraltar, 1789
Trumbull's Declaration of Independence
Battle of Trenton
Battle of Princeton
Saratoga campaign
Siege of Yorktown
Washington Resigning his Commission
Portraits of George Washington and John Adams
Self-portrait
Portrait of Josiah Bartlett

Gallery of Trumbull images Image:Bunkertrumbull.jpg|The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker HillImage:Death of Montgomery.jpg|The Death of General Montgomery in the Attack on QuebecImage:Declaration of independence by john trumbull.jpg|The United States Declaration of Independence.Image:The battle of princeton by john trumbull.jpg|The Battle of Princeton.Image:Surrender of General Burgoyne.jpg].

Notes References

Helen A. Cooper, John Trumbull: The Hand and Spirit of a Painter (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982).
Irma B. Jaffe, John Trumbull: Patriot-Artist of the American Revolution (Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1975).

External links

Biography at FamousAmericans.net (under his father Jonathan Trumbull)

John Trumbull - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
John Trumbull (June 6, 1756 – November 10, 1843) was an American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War famous for his historical paintings including his ...

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John Trumbull - Wikimedia Commons
The Death of Gerneral Montgomery in the Attack on Quebec, 1786 (engraving after Trumbull)

Category:John Trumbull - Wikimedia Commons
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Declaration of Independence, with signers' biographies, and other people, events, and acts ... Artist: John Trumbull Oil on canvas, 12' x 18' Commissioned 1817; purchased 1819 ...

YALE UNIVERSITY ART GALLERY
On December 19, 1831, John Trumbull, history painter and portraitist, signed an indenture to sell twenty-eight of his paintings and sixty miniature portraits to Yale University.

John Trumbull : Oxford Biography Index entry
The Oxford Biography Index is an authoritative and accurate index of notable people – their names, their dates, and their fields of activity.

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John Trumbull [American Neoclassical Painter, 1756-1843] Guide to pictures of works by John Trumbull in art museum sites and image archives worldwide.

Trumbull, John definition of Trumbull, John in the Free Online ...
Encyclopedia article about Trumbull, John. Information about Trumbull, John in the Columbia Encyclopedia, Computer Desktop Encyclopedia, computing dictionary.